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Sudan Country Profile
Sudan is the third largest country in Africa with over 45 million people. Seven other countries border Sudan. It has a lot of natural resources, the Nile River runs through the country, and it has a coastline on the Red Sea. The country is rich in mineral resources.
The country of Sudan has been a conflict area for decades. 2023 is no exception, with the beginning of 2023 seeing a battle between two completing generals and their armies.
Conflict in Sudan
One month before the military government was to transition to civilian rule a conflict broke out between two generals - each attempting to take control of the entire country. As of late April the country was in turmoil and hundreds of people had been killed.
By mid-2025, two years later after the break-out of civil war, the conflict was still raging. The Rapid Support Forces (RSF) is increasing its use of drones and combatants from foreign countries. The United Arab Emirates (UAE) is continuing its covert support by supplying military equipment with frequent flights via Libya. The conflict appears to be at a standstill with the RSF not taking much ground and the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) losing ground in western Sudan but gaining ground in and around the capital city - Khartoum. 1.
Robert S. Burrell provides an update on the conflict in Sudan between the RSF and SAF. He describes how the war came about, what has transpired in the past two years, and where the conflict is headed. "Inside the Flames - Two Years of Civil War in Sudan", Small Wars Journal, July 8, 2025.
References
CIA, Sudan Country Summary, The World Factbook,
Central Intelligence Agency
https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/sudan/summaries
CRS, Sudan, Congressional Research Service "In
Focus", August 21, 2019, PDF, 3 pages.
https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/IF/IF10182/20
CRS, Sudan's Uncertain Transition, Congressional
Research Service, July 17, 2019, PDF, 16 pages.
https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/R/R45794
DoS, Sudan. U.S. Department of State.
https://www.state.gov/countries-areas/sudan/
Maps
Maps of Sudan, Central Intelligence Agency
https://www.cia.gov/resources/map/sudan/
Endnotes
1. "Sudan Conflict 2025 Forecast: Drones, Contractors,
Covert Activity", by Daniel Blanco Paz, Grey Dynamics,
June 23, 2025.
https://greydynamics.com/sudan-conflict-2025-forecast-drones-contractors-covert-activity/
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